1. Scenario Characteristics
Large Scale: A single power station can have a capacity of tens to hundreds of megawatt-hours (MWh) and consists of hundreds or even thousands of battery compartments/containers. Fire risks present a "chain reaction" characteristic (a fire in a single compartment can trigger a chain reaction throughout the entire station).
Complex Environment: These stations are often located outdoors or semi-outdoor, significantly affected by natural factors such as temperature, humidity, and lightning strikes.
Strict Regulations: They must comply with national standards such as the "Safety Technical Specification for Energy Storage Power Stations" (GB/T 42229-2022), and their fire protection systems must pass rigorous inspections.
2. Fire Protection Requirements
Multi-Level Protection: A comprehensive protection system of "battery cluster-level early warning + compartment-level fire suppression + station-wide isolation" is required.
Rapid Response: Thermal runaway can spread extremely quickly (on the order of minutes), requiring the monitoring system to provide hours of advance warning and the fire suppression system to activate within 30 seconds.
Interference Resistance: Sensors must withstand complex outdoor environments (such as high temperatures, dust, and electromagnetic interference).
3. Typical Case Studies
A 100MWh energy storage power station in China uses a "fiber optic temperature measurement + perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing" solution. Over 200 temperature measurement points are deployed in a single battery compartment, and the fire extinguishing system response time is less than 15 seconds. During a battery thermal runaway event in 2024, the system issued a two-hour advance warning, and sprinkler fire suppression was used to contain the fire to a single compartment, preventing the entire station from burning down.
